Hello,
If you wanted to increase the scrollbar thumb barrel width ("ascent"), you can do this in your Application.Styles, which increases the thumb barrel width from 4 to 8:
<actipro:ModernTheme Includes="All">
<actipro:ModernTheme.Definition>
<generation:ThemeDefinition ScrollBarThumbMaxAscent="8" />
</actipro:ModernTheme.Definition>
</actipro:ModernTheme>
Note that this value just affects how wide the dark thumb barrel is rendered. You can interact with the thumb itself over the full width of the scrollbar, no matter what thumb barrel width is used.
The ScrollBarThumbBackgroundBrushHorizontal, ScrollBarThumbBackgroundBrushHorizontalPointerOver, ScrollBarThumbBackgroundBrushHorizontalPressed, and related "Vertical" brush resources are used to render the thumb. See this documentation topic for information on how to override resources.